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Voor elke geocache detailweergave biedt c:geo een tabblad genaamd “Variabelen” om te noteren en berekeningen uit te voeren met formules en variabelen die je nodig hebt voor deze cache.
Dit kan handig zijn als je b.v. voor een multi-cache in het veld waarden moet verzamelen en hiermee wiskundige berekeningen moet uitvoeren om naar de volgende fase of de finale te gaan.
Je kunt dit tabblad met variabelen gebruiken als een op zichzelf staande helper om wat berekeningen uit te voeren of je kunt ook elke hier gedefinieerde variabele hergebruiken voor het genereren van een nieuw berekend waypoint voor deze cache.
De volgende secties op deze pagina beschrijven de inhoud en functionaliteit van het variabele tabblad.
Boven aan het variabele tabblad zie je een reeks knoppen die functies bieden om het variabele gedeelte hieronder te vullen:
Knop | Beschrijving |
---|---|
Voeg handmatig een variabele toe aan de weergave door de naam op te geven. | |
Voeg automatisch de volgende vrije variabele in alfabetische volgorde toe aan de weergave. | |
Deze functie scant de geocachebeschrijving op mogelijke formules die erin zitten en biedt ze aan om ze over te nemen naar het tabblad met variabelen. Elke geselecteerde gevonden formule wordt toegevoegd als inhoud van een nieuwe variabele. | |
Hiermee worden alle variabelen zonder waarde of formule verwijderd en kan worden gebruikt voor het geval je per ongeluk veel variabelen hebt aangemaakt of sommige ervan hebt gewist en ze niet langer nodig hebt. | |
Hiermee worden alle gedefinieerde variabelen en hun waarden verwijderd. | |
Opent deze pagina in je browser |
In deze sectie kun je de waarde of formule voor de gegenereerde variabelen invoeren. Je kunt hier de volgende acties uitvoeren:
Knop | Actie |
---|---|
Klik op de naam van de variabele om deze te wijzigen. | |
Klik op de “functie”-knop om het waardeveld vooraf in te vullen met de gewenste ondersteunde functie. | |
Vul het waardeveld handmatig in met een waarde of een formule met behulp van de formulesyntaxis. | |
Gebruik het prullenbakpictogram om de variabele te verwijderen. |
De tekst onder het waardeveld toont een voorbeeld van een resultaat. Dit kan het concrete resultaat van de formule zijn of hints met betrekking tot syntaxisfouten of ontbrekende waarden.
The value field of each variable can hold different types of values and also other variables. It supports numerous mathematical operations as well as several (partly geocaching related) numerical and string related functions as described below.
Don't be afraid of the syntax. While it supports rather complex operations, it can also be used for simple and plain calculations as you are used to from any calculator. Some supported functions are probably for advanced users only.
The syntax will be explained in detail in the following sub-chapters. However as a quick overview about what is supported, you will find a list of examples here:
2*2+3
will evaluate to 7
2*(2+3)
will evaluate to 10
3*sin(90)
will evaluate to 3
4+length('test')
will evaluate to 8
rot13('abc')
will evaluate to nop
lettervalue('cache')
will evaluate to 20
checksum(lettervalue('cache'))
will evaluate to 2
A + A*2
with A=3
will evaluate to 9
AA(A+1)
with A=3
will evaluate to 334
$hello + 1
with variable hello=24
will evaluate to 25
$hello(A+1)
with A=3
and hello=24
will evaluate to 244
${hello}8A
with A=3
and hello=24
will evaluate to 2483
The formula syntax supports three types of values. Typing is loose, in general formula evaluation will try to fit given values as best as possible.
Type | Description | Literal syntax | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Integer | Number without decimal places | Use digits | 1234 , -3 |
Decimal | Number with decimal places | Use digits with decimal point or comma | 3.14 , -3.14 , 3,14 |
String | Text | Surround value with ' or " To use the '...' or "..." their selves, type '' or "" | 'test' , "test" “He said ”“yes”“!” |
The following numeric operators are supported:
Operator | Function | Example |
---|---|---|
+ | Addition | 2+4 evaluates to 6 |
- | Subtraction (or negating a number) | 6-4 evaluates to 2 -(5-2) evaluates to -3 |
* | Multiplication | 3*4 evaluates to 12 |
/ | Division | 12/3 evaluates to 4 |
% | Modulo | 12%5 evaluates to 2 |
^ | Potentiate | 3^3 evaluates to 9 |
! | Factorize | 4! evaluates to 24 |
Relational operators like <
or ==
can be used to compare two values with each other. In general, such an operation will return the value 1
if the comparison yields true and the value 0
if it yields false.
For example, the expression 3 < 4
will compute to the value 1
.
Relational operators are especially used in the if
function. This function evaluates its first parameter. If this parameter is true (means: has a value > 0 or is a non-empty string) then it returns its second parameter. Else, and if it has a third parameter, the third parameter is returned.
The if
function accepts any number of parameters and interprets them in an “if-then-if-then-if-then-…-else” cascade.
This means, that if the function was given 5 parameters then: * If the first parameter is true, then the second is returned * Else if the third parameter is true, then the fourth parameter is returned * Else the fifth parameter is returned
For example if(A==5;50;A==4;40;30)
will evaluate to 50
if A=5
, to 40
if A=4
and to 30
for any other value of A
.
Operator | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
== | Checks for equality | 2==2 evaluates to 1 (=true) |
<> | Checks for inequality. | 3<>2 evaluates to 1 (=true) |
< | Is less than | 3<4 evaluates to 1 (=true) |
⇐ | Is less or equal than | 3⇐3 evaluates to 1 (=true) |
> | Is greater than | 3>4 evaluates to 0 (=false) |
>= | Is greater or equal than | 5>=5 evaluates to 1 (=true) |
Functions all start with a letter, contain only letters and digits and have a directly attached parameter list in parenthesis. Multiple parameters are separated using ;
.
An example for a one-parameter function call is sin(90)
. An example for a two-parameter function call is rot('test'; 13)
.
The following functions are defined:
Function | Synonyms | Description | Parameter 1 | Parameter 2 | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sqrt | - | calculates square root of given parameter | numeric parameter | - | sqrt(9) evaluates to 3 |
sin /cos /tan | - | calculates sinus/cosinus/tangens of given parameter | numeric parameter in degree(!) | - | sin(90) evaluates to 1 |
abs | - | calculates absolute value | numeric parameter | - | abs(-34) evaluates to 34 |
round | - | rounds decimal values mathematically | value to round | optional: number of places to round to | round(4.65) evaluates to 5 , round(4.65;1) evaluates to 4.7 |
if | - | evaluates conditions and returns conditional values | list of if-then-else-values. See previous section for details | - | if(3<4;5;6) evaluates to 5 |
checksum | cs | calculates checksum of given numeric value. Calculates lettervalue if given paramter is of type text | positive integer or text | - | checksum(345) evaluates to 12 |
ichecksum | ics | calculates iterative checksum of given numeric value. Starts from lettervalue if given parameter is of type text | positive integer or text | - | ichecksum(345) evaluates to 3 |
lettervalue | lv , wordvalue , wv | calculates lettervalue of given string value | string | - | lettervalue('test') evaluates to 64 |
rot | - | calculates rotated string of given string value | string | count to rotate by | rot('abc'; 1) evaluates to 'bcd ' |
rot13 | - | calculates rotated-13 of given string value | string | - | rot13('abc') evaluates to 'nop ' |
roman | - | scans a given string value as a roman number and returns its decimal value | string | - | roman('VI') evaluates to 6 . |
vanity | vanitycode , vc | returns the vanity code of a string | string | - | vanity('cgeo') evaluates to 2436 . |
Variables are used in a formula as placeholders for values. When a formula containing a variable is evaluated, it needs to be passed a value for each of the contained variables in order to be correctly evaluated.
Variable names are case sensitive and have to start with an alphanumeric char. Remaining chars can be alphanumeric or digits.
Examples for legal variable names are: Test
, T1
, t
, Tt123
. Examples for non-legal variable names are: 1a
, 2
One-letter-variables can just be typed into the formula and will be evaluated along. For example, the formula A + 2
is valid. If A
has the value 5
, the formula will evaluate to 7
.
If multiple chars are concatenated within a formula, they will be interpreted as individual one-letter-variables. For example, the formula AA + 2
will be interpreted as variable A
concatenated two times and adding 2
afterwards. If A=4
, this formula will evaluate to 44 + 2 = 46
. See following section for more details wrt concatenation.
Variable names longer than one char can be declared in Unix-Bash-Style by prepending their name with $
. For example, a variable named Test
is can be referenced using $Test
. The formulua $Test + 2
is valid. If value for variable Test
is 4
the formula will evaluate to 6
.
In situations where variable name conflicts with following alphas/chars, the variable name can be enclosed in {}
to differentiate it from following text. For example, the following expression will concatenate the value of variable Test
with the value of variable A
: ${Test}A
Some more complex examples:
A + $A * $Test - t
uses three variables named A
, Test
and t
. The variable A
is used in two places. Assuming A=2
, Test=3
and t=1
, the formula would evaluate to 7
.AA + b + $A1
uses three variables A
, b
and A1
. Assuming A=2
, b=3
and A1=4
, the formula would evaluate to 29
( = 22 + 3 + 4)AB(B+1)
uses two variables A
and B
. Assuming A=2
and B=3
, the formula would evaluate to 234
$AB(B)(B+1)
uses two variables AB
and B
. Assuming AB=2
and B=5
, the formula would evaluate to 256
{}
syntax, the previous example could also be written like this: ${AB}B(B+1)
If multiple expressions are concatenated directly after another with no separating operator, values are concatenated to a consecutive expression. This expression evaluates to a number if it forms a valid numeric expression, otherwise it evaluates to a text value.
Expressions, which can be concatenated, include e.g. integer digits, variables, expressions in parenthesis and the Overflow character (see next subsection).
For example, the formula AA(A+4)55$Test(3)
contains two variables A
and Test
. Assuming A=9
and Test=70
, it would evaluate to 991355703
.
In concatenated expressions, the character _
can be used as an overflow sign. It is a placeholder for possible spillovers if numeric variables evaluate to a value with more than one digit, otherwise it is filled with 0.
An example should make the usage clear:
1A
with A=2
will evaluate to 12
1_A
with A=2
will evaluate to 102
1_A
with A=23
will evaluate to 123
1__A
with A=23
will evaluate to 1023
1__A
with A=234
will evaluate to 1234
You can specify ranges in formulas using []
. This is needed when variables are used in a context where a range of values should be iterated over. A prominent example is the Generate Waypoints function.
Link to anchor on waypoint calc page as soon as its updated to cover waypoint generation with ranges.
An example for a range expression is [0-9]
. This specifies a range with 10 values (the integer values 0 to 9).
You may specify consecutive values using ,
as a delimiter. You may exclude values or value ranges by prepending a ^
to it. Ranges are parsed from left-to-right, giving an order to the elements in the range. For example the following are valid range specifications:
[0-2, 4]
evaluates to a range containing 0
, 1
, 2
and 4
.[0-3, ^1-2]
evaluates to a range containing 0
and 3
.[0-3, ^1-2, 5]
evaluates to a range containing 0
, 3
and 5
.
When a range is used in a context where only one value is allowed (this is the case in normal calculation), the first range value is used for calculation. For example, the expression [0-9]
will evalulate to 0
in a normal calculation context, while [8, 0-9]
will evalulate to 8
.
Ranges currently support only positive constant integer values. A range must always be evaluate to at least 1 value and a range may not evaluate to more than 20 values. For example the following ranges are invalid:
[]
: empty[5, ^0-9]
: evaluates to empty[0-1000]
: evaluates to more than 20 entries[-5]
: negative int not allowed[A]
: variables not allowedA formula may include one or more range definitions mixed with normal other formula parts. For example the following formulas are valid:
3*[0-2]
: evaluates to values 0
, 3
and 6
A*[4, 7]
: for A=3
this evaluates to values 12
and 21
[1-2]*[3-4]
: evaluates to 3
, 6
, 4
and 8
.
You may enter comments into formula expressions using the #
character. Comments end at next #
or at end of expressions. Everything in a comment is ignored during evaluation. For example:
A * 5 # test comment
for A=3
evaluates to 15
3.14 # this is pi # * 2 # and this is two
evaluates to 6.28